Chapter 23
Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,
A. M. 2989. B.C. 1015. An. Ex. Is. 476. the last
Genesis 49:1 Deuteronomy 33:1 Joshua 23:1-24 Psalms 72:20 2 Peter 1:13-15
raised
the anointed
1 Samuel 2:10 16:12,13 Psalms 2:6 89:20
sweet psalmist
1 Chronicles 16:4,5,7,9 Amos 6:5 Luke 20:42 24:44 Ephesians 5:19,20 Colossians 3:16 James 5:13
The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.
Matthew 22:43 Mark 12:36 Acts 2:25-31 Hebrews 3:7,8 2 Peter 1:21
The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.
God
Genesis 33:20 Exodus 3:15 19:5,6 20:2
the Rock
22:2,32 Deuteronomy 32:4,30,31 Psalms 42:9
He that ruleth
or, Be thou ruler, etc.
must be just
Exodus 23:6-8 Deuteronomy 16:18-20 Psalms 82:3,4 Proverbs 31:9 Isaiah 11:4,5 32:1 Jeremiah 23:5 Zechariah 9:9 Hebrews 1:8
ruling
Exodus 18:21 2 Chronicles 19:7-9 Nehemiah 5:14
And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain.
as the light
Judges 5:31 Psalms 89:36 110:3 Proverbs 4:18 Isaiah 60:1,3,18-20 Hosea 6:5 Malachi 4:2 Luke 1:78,79 John 1:7
mourning
tender
Deuteronomy 32:2 Psalms 72:6 Isaiah 4:2 Micah 5:7
Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow.
Although
7:18 12:10 13:14,28 18:14 1 Kings 1:5 2:24,25 11:6-8 12:14
he hath made
7:14-16 1 Chronicles 17:11-14 Psalms 89:3,28 Isaiah 9:6,7 55:3 61:8 Jeremiah 32:40 Jeremiah 33:25,26 Ezekiel 37:26 Hebrews 13:20
and sure
1 Samuel 2:35 25:28 1 Kings 11:38 Acts 13:34 Hebrews 6:19
all my salvation
desire
to grow
Isaiah 4:2 7:14 9:6,7 11:1 27:6 Amos 9:11 1 Corinthians 3:6,7
But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands:
the sons
20:1 Deuteronomy 13:13 1 Samuel 2:12
thorns
Genesis 3:18 Song of Solomon 2:2 Isaiah 33:12 Ezekiel 2:6
But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place.
fenced
Heb. filled. and they shall.
22:8-10 Isaiah 27:4 Matthew 3:10-12 13:42 Luke 19:14,27 John 15:6 2 Thessalonians 1:8 2:8 Hebrews 6:8
These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
A. M. 2949-2989. B.C. 1055-1015. An. Ex. Is. 436-476. The Tachmonite. or, Josheb-bassebet, the Tachmonite, head of the three
1 Chronicles 11:11,12 27:2,32 It is highly probable that in this version instead of {yoshaiv bashshaiveth tachkemoni,} we should read {yoshavam ben chachmoni,} "Joshebeam, son of Hachmoni;' and instead of {hoo adino haÎtzni, hoo Ùrair eth chanitho,} "he lift up his spear," which are the readings in the parallel place in Chronicles, where it is also, "three hundred," instead of "eight hundred."
whom he slew
Heb. slain.
And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:
Eleazar
Dodai
defied.
Numbers 23:7,8 1 Samuel 17:10,26,36,45,46
the men
He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.
the Lord
Joshua 10:10,42 11:8 Judges 15:14,18 1 Samuel 11:13 14:6,23 19:5 2 Kings 5:1 Psalms 108:13 144:10 Romans 15:18 2 Corinthians 4:5 Ephesians 6:10-18
and the people
And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.
Shammah
Shammoth the Harorite
the Philistines.
into a troop
or, for foraging.
But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.
the Lord
10 Psalms 3:8 44:2 Proverbs 21:31
And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.
three, etc
or, the three captains over the thirty.
1 Chronicles 11:15-19 "captains,":
the cave
Joshua 12:15 15:35 1 Samuel 22:1 Micah 1:15
the valley
5:18,22 1 Chronicles 11:15 14:9 Isaiah 17:5
And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.
an hold
1 Samuel 22:1,4,5 24:22 1 Chronicles 12:16
garrison
And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!
longed
Numbers 11:4,5 Psalms 42:1,2 63:1 119:81 Isaiah 41:17 44:3 John 4:10,14 John 7:37
Bethlehem
Bethlehem signifies the "house of bread," and the place was likewise noted for excellent water. There Christ was born, who is the "bread of life," and who also gives us the "water of life." "The water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life."
And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.
the three
9 1 Samuel 19:5 Acts 20:24 Romans 5:7 2 Corinthians 5:14
poured it
Numbers 28:7 1 Samuel 7:6 Lamentations 2:19 Philippians 2:17
And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.
Be it far
20:20 Genesis 44:17 1 Samuel 2:30 26:11 1 Kings 21:3 1 Chronicles 11:19
the blood
Genesis 9:4 Leviticus 17:10 Psalms 72:14 Matthew 26:28 Mark 14:24 John 6:52-54
jeopardy
Judges 5:18 1 Corinthians 15:30
And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.
Abishai
2:18 3:30 10:10,14 18:2 20:10 1 Samuel 26:6-8 1 Chronicles 2:16 11:20,21
and slew them
Heb. slain.
Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.
he attained
9,13,16 1 Chronicles 11:25 Matthew 13:8,23 1 Corinthians 15:41
And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:
Benaiah
8:18 20:23 1 Kings 1:8,26,38 2:29-35,46 1 Chronicles 18:17 27:5,6
Kabzeel
who had done many acts
Heb. great of acts. he slew.
lion-like men
Heb. lions of God.
1:23 1 Chronicles 11:22-24 12:8
slew a lion
Judges 14:5,6 1 Samuel 17:34-37
And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.
a goodly man
Heb. a man of countenance, or sight. called.
a man of great stature
slew him.
1 Samuel 17:51 Colossians 2:15
He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.
more honourable
or, honourable among the thirty.
over his guard
or, over his council. Heb. at his command.
Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
Asahel
Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
Shammah
Shammoth the Harorite
Verse 26
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Paltite
Pelonite
Ira.
Tekoite
Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
Abiezer
Antothite
Anetothite
Mebunnai.
Sibbecai
Verse 28
Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,
Maharai
Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,
Heleb
Heled
Heldai
Ittai.
Ithai
Verse 30
Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,
Benaiah
Pirathonite
Hiddai
Hurai
brooks. or, valleys.
Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,
Abi-albon
Abiel
Barhumite.
Baharumite
Verse 32
Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,
Jashen
Hashem, the Gizonite
Verse 33
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah
Sharar
Sacar
Verse 34
Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
Eliam
11:3 15:31 17:23 1 Chronicles 27:33,34
Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,
Hezrai
Hezro
Verse 36
Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,
Igal
Joel
Verse 37
Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah,
Zelek
Nahari
Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,
Ira
Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.
Uriah
11:3,6-27 12:9 1 Kings 15:5 1 Chronicles 11:41 Matthew 1:6
thirty and seven in all
From the number of these officers being thirty-seven, it is almost self-evident that shalishim cannot denote the thirty, as rendered in ver. 13, etc., but some particular description of men, or officers; for it can scarcely be said, with propriety, that we have thirty-seven out of thirty; and besides, in the parallel place in 1 Chronicles, there are sixteen added!